ADVERTISING & SOCIETY

                             ADV 865 - Spring 2001
                                                         Sec 001 & 701

Department of Advertising                                         Class Time: M 6:00 - 8:50 p.m.

 Michigan State University                                         Class Location: Engineering 1208

Instructor:      Dr. La Ferle                                       Phone:           353-6378

  Office:             CAS 541                                            email:           laferlec@msu.edu

           Office Hours: M/W 8:00-10:00 a.m. & by appointment (email or call to set up )

 

Required Texts:    

Ekelund, R. B. and David S. Saurman (1988), Advertising and the Market Process: A Modern Economic

      View, San Francisco: The Pacific Research Institute for Public Policy.     (ES)

 

Fueroghne, Dean K (2000), Law and Advertising, Chicago: The Copy Workshop.   (F)

 

Course Packet: Available at Ned’s Bookstore at 135 E. Grand River Ave. 332-4200  (CP)

 

Handouts (HO)

 

Overview:          

Many of the courses offered in advertising focus on methods for developing persuasive communication. Effective communication often entails understanding the psychological aspects of consumer behavior, developing creative methods for communicating messages, placing messages in the right media, and efficiently allocating resources. However, this course examines the role and impact of advertising in society. In this class we will consider the economic, legal & regulatory, ethical, and social issues that surround advertising.       

 

Course Objectives:

·      to become aware of and understand the conflicting arguments (economic, legal, ethical, psychological and social) surrounding the roles and effects of advertising in society (and to do this by moving beyond broad generalizations and unsupported assumptions that many critics and defenders of advertising often turn to for support)

·      to view advertising as a powerful institution in our economic system   

·      to provide an understanding of the legal and regulatory environment

·      to enhance the sensitivity of prospective advertising practitioners to the social influences of their work

and develop a sense of professional ethics

 

Course Requirements

This class is operated as a seminar. As the quality of a seminar depends on the thoughtfulness of each class member’s contribution, students are expected to read assigned material and be active participants in class discussions. Assignments and projects of the course have been designed to provide students with concepts and experiences needed to meet the above-stated objectives and to measure the amount of success toward reaching these objectives.

 

 


Grading:                                                                       The following scale will be used to determine your

                                                                                       final grade.

Group Project                                  15%                                       90%-100%             4.0

Research Paper                                25%                                       85%-89%               3.5   

Take-Home Exam                            20%                                       80%-84%               3.0

Assignments & Class Participation 40%                                       75%-79%               2.5

                             Total                  100%                                       70%-74%               2.0

                                                                                                        65%-69%               1.5

                                                                                                        60%-64%               1.0

Group Project

Early in the semester you will be broken into groups. Each group will select and research a regulatory issue relevant to advertising. As class experts, each group will be required to present their knowledge of the topic to the class and to hand in a report for grading. Details on the project will be handed out within the first few weeks of class.

 

Research Paper        

The purpose of this paper is to let you research any issue involving the advertising industry that has a socially, ethically, or morally questionable impact on society. You can skim over the list of readings in the syllabus for ideas, but the number and variety of topics is virtually unlimited. However, you should choose a topic that allows you to make an argument, not just a summary of the topic and its background. The paper will be graded on several points such as: 1) uniqueness, 2) quality and depth of research, 3) analysis and synthesis of research, 4) strength of argument/logic, 5) communication skills, and 6) organization. A handout will be provided during the semester with more specific guidelines and a sign-up sheet for topic selection.

 

Examinations

There will be one Take-Home Exam given at the end of the semester which will require students to review the important topics covered during class discussions and readings. The questions will be given to class members on April 23, 2001 and the exam must be turned in by May 1, 2001 at 4:00 p.m. (emailed attachments or hard copies are both fine). The format of the exam will be essay questions, short answers, and/or mini-case analyses. More information will be provided toward the end of the semester. No outside research is required other than review of class readings and discussions. The exam will allow students the opportunity to synthesize course material and apply what they have learned.

 

Assignments & Class Participation          

Part of the learning process is sharing ideas and different points of view. Therefore, you are all encouraged and expected to participate on a regular basis. This means it is important to attend class regularly and complete the assigned readings and/or assignments required. During the semester you will be given several assignments to complete, either individually or in groups and either during class time or on your own time. Assigned readings should be read carefully and critically prior to class. As a starting point for weekly discussions, you should think about each reading in terms of: 1) What are the main issues raised, and 2) How do the readings contribute to our understanding of the effects of advertising in society?

 

As part of class participation, you should also be prepared to share questions and ideas formulated to springboard discussion with fellow classmates. Toward facilitating this goal, I would like everyone to EMAIL me by noon on Monday of each week, one or two brief questions, comments, or ideas stemming from the assigned readings of that week.

 

Grades for participation will be based on class attendance, quality and quantity of contributions to class discussions and activities (i.e., emails, in-class activities), and when required, the presentation of material for class discussion. Quantity does not substitute for quality. Quality of contribution is judged on three criteria: evidence of having read and understood the major points made in assigned readings often through recitation of the material (“This is what the authors were saying…”); ability to integrate different concepts (“Here is how I think this article is related to what we read/discussed last week”); and, ability to apply the material or make it personally relevant (“I think it might be useful to take…idea and use it to achieve…objective”).

General Policies

·      Written assignments are graded on organization, clarity of issues/arguments, originality and content, as well as on grammar, spelling, and punctuation. Please type and double space all work using a 12 point font size with at least one inch margins. All work involving secondary sources should also include a reference page in the Journal of Advertising format which clearly indicates where information was obtained. 

·      Late work will not be accepted and will receive the grade of ZERO unless an unforeseen emergency arises for which valid proof of absence is required. Please contact me by phone or email in the event of an emergency or stop by my office as soon as possible.

·      No make-up assignments will be given. The only possible exception is a documented personal illness or injury, or a documented death in the family. In such a case, students must contact me to make alternate arrangements.

·      Students have one week after papers and assignments have been returned to review their work and dispute any questions regarding their grade.

·      Extra-credit opportunities may be announced in class. They may be conducted in class, or may be scheduled for another time outside of class. Extra-credit opportunities are subject to restrictions imposed by the instructor and cannot be made-up.

·      Students are expected to arrive in class on time and to stay for the entire class. Random arrivals and exits only serve to distract the class.

·      Everyone in this class has the right to his/her own opinion and to disagree with others in the class, but respect for the views of others is mandatory. No one in the class should be made to feel uncomfortable about stating his or her opinion. Only through open dialogue can we come to understand the complex issues facing our world and grow together as people of a diverse society.           

·      Scholastic Dishonesty: Unless otherwise stated, all work in this course is to be completed on an individual basis and should be the original work of the student. Students who violate University rules on scholastic dishonesty are subject to disciplinary penalties, including the possibility of failure in the course and dismissal from the University. Since dishonesty harms the individual, all students, and the integrity of the University, policies on scholastic dishonesty will be strictly enforced. Scholastic dishonesty includes plagiarism, which according to Webster is: “to take (ideas, writings, etc.) from (another) and pass them off as one’s own.” Therefore, handing in a paper written by someone else is a clear example of plagiarism. However, even the act of writing one sentence in your paper word-for-word of what someone else has written is also a form of plagiarism, unless you credit the author and put the statement in quotation marks. Information taken from the Internet is no exception to the rule. In general, always try to paraphrase (write in your own words) the ideas of other people and be sure to cite their names within the body of your work. Be careful and if you are unsure of something, please come in and see me.

 

TENTATIVE CLASS SCHEDULE*

Date                                                    Topic/Readings/Assignments

WEEK 1

M - Jan. 8

Introduction to Course

Student Information Forms (HO)

 

Perspectives on Advertising as an Institution

The Power of Advertising (Lecture)

Carey, James W. (1989), “Advertising: An Institutional Approach,” in Advertising in

    Society, Roxanne Hovland and Gary B. Wilcox, eds., Lincolnwood, Illinois: NTC

    Publishing Group, 11-26. (HO)

WEEK 2

M - Jan. 15

 

No Class - Martin Luther King, Jr. Holiday

 

WEEK 3

M - Jan. 22

 

 

 

The Effects of Advertising on the Economy - Traditional Economic Critique

xv-xxx - Forward, Preface and Introduction (ES)

Chapter 1 - “Advertising as an Economic and Social Issue,” pp. 3-15 (ES)

Chapter 2 - “The Traditional Economic Critique of Advertising,” pp. 17-33 (ES)

 

The Effects of Advertising on the Economy - Modern Economic Rationale

Chapter 3 - “Entry Barriers, Information, and the Rational Consumer,” pp.37-55 (ES)

Chapter 4 - “Information and Competitive Market Structure,” pp. 57-77 (ES)

WEEK 4

M - Jan. 29

 

 

 

The Evidence on Advertising

Chapter 5 - “Brand Loyalty, Entry, and Scale Economies,” pp. 81-95 (ES)

Chapter 6 - “Concentration of Industry, Prices, and Quality,” pp. 97-127 (ES)

Calfee, John E. (1998), “How Advertising Informs to Our Benefit,” Consumers’  

     Research, April, 13-18. (CP)

 

Introduction to the First Amendment and Commercial Speech

“Advertising and Free Speech,” pp. 178-181 (ES)

“Free Speech in Liberal Democracies” (1999)1-9 (CP)

WEEK 5

M - Feb. 5

 

 

 

 

First Amendment and Commercial Speech - Development & Controversies

Teeter Jr., Dwight L., Gary B. Wilcox, and Roxanne Hovland (1989), “Commercial Speech and the First Amendment: The Constitutional Stepchild,” in Advertising and Society, G. B. Wilcox and R. Hovland, eds., Lincolnwood, Illinois: NTC Publishing Group, 202-219. (CP)

 

Kozinski, Alex and Stuart Banner (1990), “Who’s Afraid of Commercial Speech?” Virginia Law Review, 76 (4), 627-653. (CP)

 

Political, Professional, & Media Concerns in Advertising Practices

Chapter 12 - “Special Advertising Concerns,” pp. 523-593 (F)

 

 

WEEK 6

M - Feb. 12

 

 

 

 

Advertising Regulation - Self, Media & Consumers

Chapter 1 “The Development of Control Over Advertising,” pp. 1-18 (F)

Pope, Daniel (1991), “Advertising as a Consumer Issue: An Historical View,” Journal of Social Issues, 47 (1), 41-56.  (CP)

Self-regulation - NAD / NARB (lecture)

 

Advertising Regulation - Government

Chapter 2 “An Overview of the Federal Trade Commission’s Role in Advertising Regulation,” pp. 20-80. (F)

WEEK 7

M - Feb. 19

 

 

 

 

Everyday Advertising Considerations

Chapter 3 “Specific Areas of concern Under the FTC Act,” pp. 82-166. (F)

 

Effectiveness of FTC Regulation

Calfee, John E. and Debra Jones Ringold (1994), “The 70% Majority: Enduring

    Consumer Beliefs About Advertising,” Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, 13

    (2), 228-238. (CP)

Chapter 13 “Advertising Concerns with Alcohol and Tobacco,” pp. 598-662 (F) skim

Free Speech and Advertising: Who Draws the Line (Video)

WEEK 8

M - Feb. 26

 

 

Presentations                     All Group Reports Due at 6:00 p.m.

(Troy reports may also be postmarked Feb 26, 2001)

WEEK 9

M - March 5

 

No Class - Spring Break

 

WEEK 10

M - March 12

 

 

Introduction to Social & Ethical Issues in Advertising

Pollay, Richard W. (1986), “The Distorted Mirror: Reflections on the Unintended Consequences of Advertising,” Journal of Marketing, 50 (April), 18-36.  (CP)

Holbrook, Morris B. (1987), “Mirror, Mirror, on the Wall, What’s Unfair in the Reflections on Advertising?” Journal of Marketing, 51 (July), 95-103.  (CP)

Phillips, Barbara J. (1997), “In Defense of Advertising: A Social Perspective,” Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 16, 109-118.   (CP)

WEEK 11

M - March 19

 

 

Ethics and Advertising

Stankey, Michael J. (1989), “Ethics, Professionalism, and Advertising,” in Advertising in Society, G. B. Wilcox and R. Hovland, eds., Lincolnwood, Illinois: NTC Publishing Group, 419-436. (CP)

Austin, M. Jill and Mary Lynn Reed (1999), “Targeting Children Online: Internet Advertising Ethics Issues,” Journal of Consumer Marketing, 16(6), 590-602. (CP)

Day, Louis A. (1997), “Ethics and Moral Reasoning,” in Ethics in Media Communications: Cases and Controversies, Wadsworth Publishing Company, pp. 50-70. (CP)

Advertising Cases on Ethical Dilemmas (HO)

 

WEEK 12

M - March 26

 

Advertising Images and Consequences: Multiple Levels of Meaning

Levitt, Theodore (1970), “The Morality (?) of Advertising,” Harvard Business Review, July-August, 84-92.  (CP)

Jhally, Sut (1995), “Image-Based Culture,” in Gender, Race, and Class in Media: A Text-Reader, Gail Dines and Jean M. Humez, eds., Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications, Inc., 77-87.  (CP)

Cortese, Anthony J. (1999), “Representations, Multiculturalism, and Mass Media,” in Provocateur, Lanham, Maryland: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers Inc., 1-15(CP)

Frith, Katherine Toland (1998), “Undressing the Ad: Reading Culture in Advertising,” in Undressing the Ad, Katherine Toland Frith, ed., Peter Lang, 1-14.  (CP)

WEEK 13

M - April 2

 

 

Children, Gender, and Advertising

John, Deborah Roedder (1999), “Through the Eyes of a Child,” Children’s Knowledge and Understanding Advertising,” in Advertising to Children: Concepts and Controversies, M.C. Macklin and L. Carlson, eds., Sage Publications, 3-26. (CP)

Browne, Beverly A. (1998), “Gender Stereotypes in Advertising on Children’s Television in the 1990s: A Cross-National Analysis,” Journal of Advertising, 27(1), 83-96.  (CP)

Martin, Mary C. and James W. Gentry (1997), “Stuck in the Model Trap: The Effects of Beautiful Models in Ads on Female Pre-Adolescents and Adolescents,” Journal of Advertising, 26 (2), 19-33.

 

WEEK 14

M - April 9

 

 

Ethnic Minorities and Advertising

Cortese, Anthony J. (1999), “Symbolic Racism in Advertising,” in Provocateur, Lanham, Maryland: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers Inc., 77-102. (CP)

Cortese, Anthony J. (1999), “Ethnic Advertising,” in Provocateur, Lanham, Maryland: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers Inc., 103-121. (CP)

Bristor, Julia M., Renee Gravois Lee, and Michelle R. Hunt (1995), “Race and Ideology: African-American Images in Television Advertising,” Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, 14 (1), 48-59.  (CP)

Taylor, Charles R. and Barbara B. Stern (1997), “Asian-Americans: Television Advertising and the ‘Model Minority’ Stereotype,” Journal of Advertising, 26 (2), 47-61.

WEEK 15

M - April 16

 

 

Controversial Products and Advertising - alcohol, lotteries, prescription drugs...

Saffer, Henry (1996), “Studying The Effects of Alcohol Advertising on Consumption,” Alcohol Health and Research World, 20, (4), 266-272. (CP)

Hacker, George A. (1998), “Liquor Advertisements on Television: Just Say No,” Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, vol. 17 (1), 139-142. (CP)

Stearns James M. and Shaheen Borna (1995), “The Ethics of Lottery Advertising: Issues and Evidence,” Journal of Business Ethics, 14, 43-51. (CP)

Voorhees, et. als. (1997), “Cigarette Sales to African-American and White Minors in Low-Income Areas of Baltimore,” American Journal of Public Health, 87(4), 652-654)

Malt Liquor (video)

 

 

WEEK 16

M - April 23

 

Elderly, Disabled and Gays in Advertising

Benet, Suzanne, Robert E. Pitts, and Michael LaTour (1993), “The Appropriateness of Fear Appeal use for Health Care Marketing to the Elderly: Is It OK to Scare Granny?” Journal of Business Ethics, 12, 45-55. (CP)

Lavery, Kevin (2000), “Educating Adland: Is the advertising industry finally discovering the older consumer?” (pp. 1-5) (HO)

Burnett John J. and Pallab Paul (1996), “Assessing the Media Habits and Needs of the Mobility-Disabled Consumer,” Journal of Advertising, 25 (3), 47-59.  (CP)

“Reaching Out” Ad Age article on Gays (HO)

“Gay & Lesbian Image Advertising” (pp. 36-44)   (HO)

 

Take-Home Exam Distributed

 

Tues May 1

 

Take-Home Exams must be received by Tuesday May 1, 2001 at 4:00 p.m. - Either email your exam to me as an attachment or hand in a hard copy to the advertising office (CAS 309) and have the office assistant time stamp the exam.

*The schedule indicates approximate dates when selected topics will be discussed. Students are responsible for schedule changes announced in class and/or extra readings that may be assigned.